Isaac Hayes has died, at 65, at his home in Memphis, Tennessee. Hayes first came to prominence through his work at Memphis's legendary Stax studios, where, still in his early twenties, he became a keyboard player with the house band, worked as part of the production team, and developed a fruitful songwriting partnership with David Porter. The Porter-Hayes credit appeared on some two hundred compositions, including a raft of hits by the magnificent duo Sam and Dave, including "Soul Man", "I Thank You", "You Don't Know Like I Know", "When Something Is Wrong with My Baby", and "Hold On, I'm Comin'", whose title phrase is said to have been born when the hard-working Hayes was importuning Porter to return from the men's room. No ego as endearingly supersized as Hayes's could have been completely satisfied with working behind the scenes, and in 1967 he released his first solo album, the jazz-flavored Presenting Isaac Hayes. That was followed in 1969 by the unexpected blockbuster success of Hot Buttered Soul, which established Hayes's gruff bass voice, his habit of interjecting spoken-word interludes into his songs, his flamboyantly extended performances of such numbers as "By the Time I Get to Phoenix", and, through its cover art, the iconic impact of his big bald head and taste for gold necklaces. The album made him Stax's biggest star at a precarious time in the label's history.

Hayes would first branch out into movies with his soundtrack for the black-private eye movie Shaft in 1971. The jarringly funky "Theme from Shaft" became a significant radio hit, and would earn Hayes (who had an on-screen cameo as a bartender) an Academy Award for Best Original Song, thus making him the first African-American to be given an Oscar for a non-acting contribution to a movie. (Shaft would also earn Hayes Grammy and Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Motion Picture Score.) When Stax staged a one-day concert in Los Angeles, featuring all its biggest acts, to commemorate the anniversary of the Watts riots, the resulting performance documentary, Wattstax (1973), featured Hayes in the concert-closing role of conquering hero, taking the stage in bare chest and chains. (He proceeded to perform "Theme from Shaft" and "Soulsville", but because MGM owned the rights to those songs and refused to give them up for the soundtrack, Hayes wound up recording another song, "Rollin' Down a Mountain", just so that there'd be something the movie could show after his grand entrance. The original footage was finally restored a few years ago when a buffed-up version of Wattstax was shown on the PBS series P.O.V. and released to DVD.)

By 1975, Stax was reduced ro filing for bankruptcy, but by then Hayes seemed more interested in his movie career anyway. He co-starred with Fred Williamson in the self-explanatory Tough Guys (1974) and then played the title role in Truck Turner. He had a recurring guest role as the ex-con Gandy Finch on The Rockford Files and ruled a post-apocalyptic Big Apple in John Carpenter's Escape from New York (1981). But through the 1980s and early '90s, most of the steam had escaped from his career. Salvation came in the unlikely form of the role of Chef on South Park, which didn't just give him a semi-regular paycheck and establish him as a beloved talisman of the 1970s; it gave him his most conspicuous music success in decades when the novelty song "Chocolate Salty Balls" (which he performed on the show and which was included in Chef Aid: The South Park Album) went to number one on the UK charts. After ten years, Hayes and South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker went their separate ways over a nasty dispute over Hayes's reported indignation over the show's satirical treatment of Scientology. In the meantime, Hayes also put out some fresh music while appearing onscreen in Flipper, Illtown, Six Ways to Sunday, Blues Brothers 2000, Reindeer Games, Hustle & Flow, while lending his voice to Dr. Dolittle 2 and, of course South Park: Bigger, Longer, & Uncut. In 2002, he and other soul legends were paid tribute in the documentary Only the Strong Survive, and that same year he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

A cause of death has not yet been determined.